Charles is a Research Assistant at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies, where he conducts research on cyber and international security policy, with a particular focus on escalation, offence-defence balance, and the cyber strategy of small states. His broader research interests lie at the intersection of technology, military strategy, and international security. He holds an MSc in Education (Digital and Social Change) from the University of Oxford and an MPA in Cyber and Security Studies from Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA).
